A non-standard truth definition

A Non-standard Truth Definition

Standard cystectomy fits all: truth or myth?

Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) followed by urinary diversion is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) and non-invasive BC refractory to transurethral resection of the bladder (TUR-B) and/or intravesical instillation therapies. Since the morbidity and possible mortality of this surgery are relevant, care must be taken in the preoperativ...

A New Definition of the Entropy of General Probability Distributions Based on the Non-Standard Analysis

Based on the non-standard analysis by Robinson, a new definition of the entropy of general distributions is given as a straightforward extension of Shannon's discrete entropy. The newly defined entropy has natural properties such as positiveness and invariance under transformations unlike Shannon's continuous entropy. In the light of this new definition, the meaning of Shannon's continuous entr...

Truth Values and Connectives in Some Non-Classical Logics

The question as to whether the propositional logic of Heyting, which was a formalization of Brouwer's intuitionistic logic, is finitely many valued or not, was open for a while (the question was asked by Hahn). Kurt Gödel (1932) introduced an infinite decreasing chain of intermediate logics, which are known nowadays as Gödel logics, for showing that the intuitionistic logic is not finitely (man...

What is a Non-truth-functional Logic?

What is the fundamental insight behind truth-functionality? When is a logic interpretable by way of a truth-functional semantics? To address such questions in a satisfactory way, a formal definition of truthfunctionality from the point of view of abstract logics is clearly called for. As a matter of fact, such a definition has been available at least since the 70s, though to this day it still r...